As of December 1, 2007, population in Ukraine amounted to 46,398.1 ths. people.

Ukraine is fifth in Europe by population (after Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France) and ranks 21st in the world. Its share makes 7.3% of the total European population and 1% of the population of the Earth.

Like in the majority of European states, Ukraine has a high population density (80 people per sq. km). The lowest population density is in the Chernigov region (39 people/sq. km), and the highest density is in the Donetsk region (183 people per 1 sq. km). The figure in some Eastern regions of Ukraine (90 people per sq. km) exceeds the average. Ukraine is mainly an urban state because the urban population significantly outnumbers the rural one: 32,754,000 urban inhabitants (67.2%) versus 15,883,000 (32.8%) rural inhabitants. The number of towns is increasing. There are currently 454 towns in Ukraine. The population in 37 towns ranges between 100 to 500 ths. people. Nine towns have a population exceeding 500,000 people, and in five of them the population exceeds 1 mn people. More than 2.6 mn people reside in Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine.

Regarding nationality, there are 37.5 mn Ukrainians (77.8%) and 8.3 mn (17.3%) Russians in Ukraine.